Some basic knowledge about civil survey

Definition of surveying

Surveying Surveying is the technique of determining the relative position of different features on, above or beneath the surface of the earth by means of direct or indirect measurements and finally representing. them on a sheet of paper known as plan.  position of int       Surveying is the science and art of making all essential measurements to determine the relative position of   physical and cultural details above, on, or beneath the surface of the Earth, and to depict them in a usable form, or to establish the position of points or details.re usually on the surface of the Earth, and they are often used to es
   

  Importance of surveying   

The knowledge of surveying is advantageous in many phase of engineering. Surveying is of vital importance in any engineering project. Some of the basic importance of Surveying is discussed below.The first necessity in surveying is to prepare a plan and a section of area to be covered by project. From these prepared maps and sections the best possible alignment, amount of earth work and other necessary details depending upon the nature of the project can be calculated.

    The planning and design of all civil engineering projects such as railways, highways, tunneling, irrigation, dams, reservoirs, water works, sewerage works, airfields, ports, massive buildings, etc. are based upon surveying measurements.
    During execution of project of any magnitude is constructed along the lines and points established by surveying.
    The measurement of land and the fixation of its boundaries cannot be done without surveying.
    The economic feasibility of the engineering feasibility of a project cannot be properly ascertained without undertaking a survey work.
    The execution of hydro-graphic and oceanographic charting and mapping requires.
    Surveying is used to prepare topographic map of land surface of the earth.